Splinting teeth: description of modern methods

• Indications
• Causes
• Consequences
• Materials
• Methods
• Stages of treatment
• Result
• Prices
• Doctors
• Reviews

Splinting of teeth is a method of fixing dental units with their abnormal mobility. The procedure involves combining two or more elements into one block structure using removable or non-removable tires. This ensures uniform redistribution of the chewing load, preserves the geometry of the jaw, and prevents further loosening and tooth loss. The doctor selects the splinting method based on the results of the examination, taking into account medical indications.

• When used:
  for periodontitis, dental injuries
• Treatment period:
  constantly
• Type of anesthesia:
  depending on the situation, 2-3 visits
• Procedure time:
  about 1 hour
• Age restrictions:
  from 18 years old

The ROOTT clinic network in Moscow provides temporary and permanent dental splinting. The use of effective technologies and innovative materials ensures positive dynamics and quick results. The procedure is used when the periodontal tissues are weakened or damaged, and therefore cannot firmly hold the element in the socket.

Indications

• Pathologies of the gums and periodontium, accompanied by mobility and displacement of teeth;
• loosening of units due to jaw injury;
• exposure of roots, pronounced gum pockets;
• consolidation of the result after orthodontic treatment with braces.

Teeth are placed on splints for a short (up to 1 month) or long (up to 1 year or more) period. Maintenance therapy for periodontal disease

provides for permanent splinting. The decision on the duration of treatment and the method of fixation is selected separately in each clinical case.

Splinting requirements

Splinting is performed correctly under the following conditions:

• tooth mobility is limited in all directions;
• the splint provides high strength and reliable fixation to the teeth;
• it has a minimal traumatic effect on the marginal periodontium and hard tissues;
• provides free access to the periodontal sulcus;
• there are no retention points in the design where food could accumulate;
• a harmonious functional occlusion has been formed;
• the tire looks aesthetically pleasing and is capable of transformation and restoration.

Causes of mobility

The problem of loose teeth occurs in patients with gum and periodontal pathologies. Due to inflammation, the soft, bony periodontal tissues begin to gradually deteriorate. Weakened tissues are no longer able to securely hold the tooth, and it begins to wobble. Mobility occurs in the middle, advanced stage of the disease. Mobility is also caused by jaw injuries and surgical treatment of the root zone.

Dental splinting for periodontitis allows you to keep units in the correct position, reduce their mobility, and prevent loss. The advantage of the procedure is the correct redistribution of the chewing load. The main mechanical load falls on healthy units, and the affected elements strengthen and recover faster.

Pros and cons of the splinting technique

Of course, the use of this technique makes it possible to regenerate damaged teeth, helps the body recover and, if necessary, carry out further treatment. Moreover, during the development of periodontitis and periodontal disease, splinting helps distribute the load as needed, increasing it on healthy teeth and decreasing it on damaged teeth. This makes it possible to avoid injury to the gums and quickly restore them.

In addition to significant advantages, splinting also has some disadvantages. Such therapy does not bring results when the disease takes on an advanced form and the inflammatory process progresses; in this case, splints may be ineffective and fall out along with the teeth. Also, patients who do not pay the necessary attention to oral hygiene can increase their problems and acquire pathologies such as pulpitis or the development of caries. If the procedure was performed by an inexperienced specialist, then discomfort for the patient may occur.

Even if the procedure has some disadvantages, this is not a reason not to use the method. To do this, you need to go to a good clinic and see a professional who can carry out all the manipulations clearly and competently. Also, while wearing splints, you should constantly monitor your dental hygiene and thoroughly clean them.

Consequences

With periodontitis, the destruction of jaw tissue often occurs rapidly. If the moving units are not strengthened in a timely manner, they will simply fall out. And only implantation will help restore the dentition. The need for the procedure is determined by the doctor, based on the results of the examination and x-ray studies. Reviews confirm the good effectiveness of the intervention; patients quickly adapt and get used to the splint.

Alekperov Roman Borisovich Dentist-orthopedist, doctor of the highest category

What does “constant wearing” mean?

The patient does not have the ability to remove the splint until it needs to be replaced

Alekperov Roman Borisovich Dentist-orthopedist, doctor of the highest category

At what degree of periodontitis is it possible to splint teeth?

At the initial stage

Alekperov Roman Borisovich Dentist-orthopedist, doctor of the highest category

If I am afraid of surgery, is it possible to have anesthesia in advance?

No, only premedication is possible (providing psychological control to the patient by pre-administering medications)

Alekperov Roman Borisovich Dentist-orthopedist, doctor of the highest category

Can there be any complications during the operation?

No complications are possible during splinting

Possible complications

Splinting rarely causes complications. These arise for 2 reasons - an allergy to the components from which the splint is made, and due to poor quality of the procedure. Sometimes the patient is the culprit if he chooses the materials with the lowest cost rather than the appropriate ones.

But still, there is a certain group of possible negative consequences:

• Injury to soft tissues due to mobility of the structure;
• Pulpitis if the pulp chamber is damaged during installation, or the splint passes in close proximity to it;
• Deterioration of tooth enamel if the patient eats food that is too hot or too cold, or if the splint is made of materials that change volume due to temperature fluctuations;
• Itching and discomfort if the patient has sensitive enamel, or professional cleaning was carried out the day before installation;
• Inflammation, suppuration, and sometimes the formation of a fistula if the gum pockets are not cleaned properly.

Important! During pregnancy, as well as hormonal imbalance in women and men, an allergy to the splint material can spontaneously occur due to changes in the secretion of the endocrine glands and changes in blood composition.

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Materials

Today, dentistry uses different materials as splints, and not only their strength is important, but also aesthetics. The most common:

• Fiberglass;
• silk;
• armid thread;
• ceramics;
• composite;
• polyethylene.

Flexible materials create a durable splinting frame, fixed on the inside of the row. All materials are of increased strength, do not deform, do not shrink, are safe for gums and enamel, and are resistant to moisture and high temperatures. The cost of dental splinting in Moscow depends on the intervention technique, the complexity of the clinical case, and the material.

Material used in the production of dental splints

The materials used for splinting must meet certain requirements: They must be environmentally friendly, durable and aesthetically pleasing. The following materials for tire production are more widely used: aramid thread, silk, polyethylene and fiberglass

Thanks to them, they are invisible on the teeth and resemble natural enamel in color. Products using aramid thread can be manufactured while the patient is in the dental office. Finished tires must meet the following requirements:

• securely attach to teeth and fix them;
• Avoid tooth mobility;
• do not distort diction;
• do not affect food intake;
• do not interfere with hygiene measures;
• have a pleasant appearance.

Splinting will help keep your teeth in order for many years, return them to their intended purpose and attract others with a charming smile.

Therapeutic method

The therapeutic approach involves “tying” the moving elements together with fiberglass tape or armid thread and securing them with filling material. Depulpation is not needed for intervention. Having assessed the condition of the gums, the following types of splinting of the front teeth are used:

• Extracoronary
  – the splint is fixed to the enamel surface with dental cement.
• Intracoronary
  - the splinting element is placed in a small groove on the enamel and secured with a filling composite. Splinting of the upper teeth is performed from the outside, and of the lower teeth from the inside. When laying the thread on the chewing units, a groove is made at the top to ensure better fixation. The tape or thread is applied to the elements that are loose, and to healthy units too.
• Occlusal
  - splints or retainers act as a splint.

Therapeutic treatment is indicated when all units are present in the row. Splinting teeth with fiberglass tape or armid thread is a gentle method, since it does not involve severe trauma to the coronal part or depulpation.

The main stages of installing a crown on a tooth

The process of prosthetics of the crown part of the tooth occurs in several stages:

1. Diagnostics - a preliminary assessment of the condition of all teeth in the oral cavity is performed. To do this, a thorough dental examination is carried out, during which the amount of treatment required is assessed.
2. Treatment - all carious teeth are treated, if necessary, depulpation of the target tooth is carried out with filling of the canals.
3. Tooth grinding - tools are used to model the tooth for a crown. If the dental tissue is preserved in sufficient volume. then a simple grinding is performed, but if the tooth is too damaged, then a special inlay is installed.
4. Taking impressions - these are necessary to make an anatomically compatible crown shape.
5. Making crowns - this process takes place in a dental laboratory, where a tooth model is made based on impressions, and a crown is made on its basis.
6. Installation of crowns - they are fixed to the prepared tooth with special dental cements or composites that provide reliable fastening.

At DENT Academy, each of the above stages is carried out in strict compliance with international standards, which completely eliminates errors and inaccuracies during the process.

Orthopedic method

This method of treatment is used in the absence of one or more units. To fix moving elements, fixed orthopedic crowns and removable clasp dentures are used. The structures are made from an impression of the patient’s jaw, which makes them comfortable to wear. Crowns and prostheses reliably hold moving elements and also replace missing ones, restoring the full functionality of the row.

Manufacturing of crowns for prosthetics

The dentist takes an impression of the prepared teeth and sends it to the laboratory. Based on the impression taken, the technician makes a plaster model of the prosthesis, and then a crown.

The production time for the prosthesis depends on the material. The longest wait is for metal-ceramic and ceramic crowns. While permanent dentures are being prepared, the patient is given temporary ones made of plastic. In addition to their aesthetic function, temporary dentures help protect a weakened, ground tooth from the negative effects of bacteria and environmental factors.

Stages of the procedure

The procedure for splinting teeth on the lower jaw and upper jaw is performed using the same technology

• Anesthesia
  - the drug is selected taking into account the general condition (sensitivity to painkillers, pregnancy, allergies, etc.).
• Forming
  grooves of the required depth (up to 1 mm) on the enamel (just above the gingival margin) from the inside of the tooth using a spherical bur.
• Place
  fiberglass tape or armid thread in the furrow, on loose and healthy units.
• Filling the cut
  with a composite or light-curing material selected to match the shade of the enamel.

Splinting of chewing teeth involves creating a groove not on the inner surface of the molars, premolars, but on top - for more reliable fixation. To eliminate the mobility of chewing teeth, an aramid thread of increased strength is often used. A fiberglass splint is placed on the front incisors - the tape is aesthetic, invisible when talking, smiling, and can be easily removed.

If more than 4-5 units

, the row is splinted with a clasp prosthesis or crowns. Using fiberglass or aramid thread is not advisable, since the result cannot be preserved for a long time. Crown installation technology:

1. depulpation and filling of root canals;
2. giving dental units the desired shape (turning);
3. installation of permanent orthopedic crowns.

The clasp prosthesis simultaneously strengthens the movable units and replenishes the lost ones. It is installed in a gentle way, but the metal elements of the prosthesis are visible when smiling or talking. Splinting the front teeth with crowns provides a more aesthetic result.

Cable splinting of teeth

The technique is completely similar to the previous one, only instead of fiber, specialists use aramid thread. This is a reliable polymer material, the advantage of which is the fact that it does not cause a chemical reaction upon contact with food and saliva, thereby not creating an unpleasant bite in the mouth.

This method not only restores chewing function, but is also considered quite aesthetic. Cable splinting allows you to securely fix the teeth and evenly distribute the load on them. However, in addition to the advantages, there is a significant drawback. If the inflammatory process is advanced, the use of such a procedure may be ineffective.

Interesting! All materials used to install splints are light and safe, do not impede dental care, and have the color of natural crowns.

Result

Splinting teeth using reliable materials and structures can significantly reduce the mobility of elements and restore chewing function. A rigid, but at the same time elastic tire binds the elements into one block, holding them securely and preventing them from loosening further. The more units covered by the bus, the better the result. Tire service life is 3-4 years. The biocompatible material does not irritate the mucous membrane, does not injure the gums, and does not interfere with hygiene.

Article Expert

Kopylova Lyubov Ivanovna Dentist-therapist, doctor of the highest category

Work experience: more than 12 years

Plastic dental crowns

Dental crowns made from plastic are the cheapest option of all types of dental crowns. They are made the fastest and easiest, the cost of material for them is the lowest. Most often, temporary crowns are made from plastic and placed on patients while permanent crowns are made from a different material.

Pros:

• fast production;
• ease of installation;
• cheapness.

Flaws:

• wear out quickly - service life does not exceed 2 years;
• low strength - it is not recommended to install them on chewing teeth;
• low aesthetic value.

Advantages of treatment at the RUTT clinic

The RUTT network of clinics approaches the problem of dental mobility in a comprehensive manner. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause of the pathology. In addition to splinting, patients undergo a number of other measures - professional hygiene, therapy of periodontal canals with the Vector device, injections, curettage, physiotherapy, etc. The clinic performs permanent, temporary splinting of the lower teeth.

• Permanent intervention is performed for a period of 12 months or more. The procedure is indicated for mobility of grades 1 and 2, at the first stage of periodontitis, when the jaw bone has not yet been destroyed.
• Temporary fixation of the splint is intended for up to 6 months, if there is a chance of losing loose teeth, but it is small. Also, temporary structures are installed after jaw injuries (fracture, etc.).

The price for splinting teeth in Moscow depends on the technique, materials, and the number of moving elements. The cost of treatment in ROOTT dentistry is formed on a turnkey basis.

Types of cable-stayed tires

Cable-stayed tires come in single-row and double-row.

• Single row.

Used for splinting areas with expected moderate chewing load, for example on the lower front teeth. They are also suitable for all cases of mobility of 1-2 degrees.

The most popular single-row pattern is the “figure eight”. For splinting, a thread is used that covers each tooth in a row alternately from the oral and vestibular sides. The threads intersect in the interdental spaces and form figure eights, and each tooth is covered from the oral and vestibular sides. By grasping and twisting the free ends, sufficient thread tension is ensured.

• Double row.

They are used in cases of presumably high destructive stresses, for example, for the upper front teeth, with mobility of 2-3 degrees, in the presence of end defects.

For double-row splinting, two threads are required. They can be used in the form of two parallel rows of figure eights. For anterior teeth, it is advisable to use a “hidden” two-row scheme. The first row in the cervical region is made in the shape of a figure eight, and the second is laid along the groove in the oral surface in the area of ​​the cutting edge (indentation is at least 1 mm).