Why does stomatitis occur and how to treat it in adults: folk remedies and effective medications at home

Definition of disease. Causes of the disease

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa.
This disease is characterized by all the signs of an inflammatory process: redness, pain, swelling, dysfunction, increased local and general body temperature. Stomatitis can occur on the mucous membrane of any part of the oral cavity: on the gum, on the tongue, on the mucous membrane of the palate, in the vestibule of the oral cavity, in the retromolar fossa, on the mucous membrane of the cheeks and lips. The disease can manifest itself in a variety of forms: it can be redness of the mucous membrane in a certain area or the appearance of ulcers in the mouth. Stomatitis manifests itself with decreased immunity and chronic diseases, and stomatitis can also develop as a protective reaction of the body to the action of various irritants (for example, mechanical trauma to the mucous membrane from the sharp edges of teeth).

Inflammation of the oral mucosa occurs in most cases in children [12]. But recently, stomatitis has also appeared in the adult population. This is mainly due to the weakening of a person’s immunity, for example, with acute respiratory viral infections, chronic diseases, and HIV infection.

Prevention of stomatitis

Preventing a disease from occurring is much easier than treating it. Considering that the main risk factors for stomatitis most often are decreased immunity and poor oral hygiene, as well as bad habits, we can name the key points for preventing stomatitis:

• regular teeth cleaning and visits to the dental office,
• taking care of the immune system - avoiding stress, taking multivitamins, eating fruits and vegetables,
• getting rid of bad habits (primarily smoking),
• take care of your health and try to prevent the development of chronic diseases.

When visiting a dentist to install orthodontic structures, dentures, or crowns, you must carefully choose a clinic to avoid allergies or rubbing of the dentures.

Symptoms of stomatitis

The manifestation of stomatitis can be different.
This depends on the form and stage of development of the disease. The first symptom is redness of the oral mucosa in a certain area. The spot does not rise above the level of the mucous membrane, has a round or oval shape and may be pinkish or whitish in color. Next, the area around the affected area becomes swollen, hyperemic, and pain appears. Aphtha appears at the site of the spot. Aphtha (from the Greek aphtha - ulcer) is a superficial defect of the mucous membrane, having a round shape and a grayish fibrinous coating. If you remove necrotic plaque from the surface of the aphthae, the ulcer will begin to bleed [5]. Most often, aphthae are located along the transitional fold, on the lateral surface of the tongue, on the mucous membrane of the cheeks and lips.

In severe forms, the amount of fibrinous plaque on the surface of the ulcer increases, and an infiltrate appears at the base of the aphthae (an accumulation of cellular elements of blood and lymph in the mucous layer). With such a clinical picture in the oral cavity, the patient experiences pain, burning, itching, bad breath, increased salivation, and eating becomes difficult. Body temperature rises to 38 ℃, weakness appears.

A feature of the disease is frequent relapses. Repeated rashes may appear after a few days or every few months. It depends on the ability of the immune system to fight infection.

In the most severe cases, stomatitis manifests itself in the form of ulcers on the mucous membrane. An ulcer is a deep defect of the mucous membrane, in which the entire thickness of the mucous membrane is affected. The ulcer is surrounded by an inflammatory infiltrate, the edges of the ulcer are uneven, scalloped (jagged) [5]. When ulcers appear in the oral cavity, the general condition also worsens. The submandibular lymph nodes on the affected side may become inflamed. On palpation they will be enlarged and painful.

With candidal stomatitis, a white coating appears on the tongue and gums; when trying to remove the plaque, the affected areas begin to bleed. There is also an unpleasant taste in the mouth and a burning sensation. If candidal stomatitis develops against the background of diabetes mellitus or immunodeficiency conditions, it always has a chronic course.

With viral lesions of the oral mucosa, pain occurs, which intensifies during eating and when talking. The mucous membrane turns red and swells, then small blisters appear on it. The bubbles quickly open and aphthae form in their place. In moderate and severe forms, body temperature rises to 37-40 ° C, general malaise, weakness, and headache are noted.

Diet for stomatitis

Proper nutrition plays a vital role in the treatment of diseases, incl. and stomatitis. First of all, it is important to avoid dishes and foods that irritate the mucous membrane - hot, salty, with a lot of spices. You will also have to give up dry food, coarse and hard products, because... they will increase pain. Avoid foods and drinks with a lot of acids (apples, tomatoes, oranges, sour berries, coffee, sour juices) - they not only irritate the inflamed mucous membrane, but also create a favorable environment for the development of pathogens.

With stomatitis, it is difficult to chew food due to pain, so the main part of the diet should be boiled, stewed foods, preferably crushed into a puree. It is better to use meat and fish in the form of minced meat for cooking; replace broth soups with pieces of vegetables and meat with cream soup or puree soup. It is advisable to eat food warm.

Be sure to include vitamins A, B, and C in your diet, either in natural foods or in supplement form. It is recommended to consume soft foods - soft cheeses and cottage cheese, milk and kefir, viscous and semi-liquid porridges. Baby food (purees, curds, yoghurts, puddings, jellies) is well suited. It is better to replace drinks with tea, herbal infusions and clean water.

Is stomatitis contagious?

The disease can be recognized and treated in a short time.
At the appointment, the doctor must correctly determine the causes and type of stomatitis, because drawing up a treatment plan depends on this. Depending on the classification, appropriate drugs are selected. Is stomatitis contagious?

Inflammatory ulcers that arise as a result of:

• allergic reaction;
• mechanical damage to the mucosa;
• during intoxication.

The disease is contagious if it develops during an infection in the body.
This class includes: fungal, herpetic, infectious stomatitis. Stomatitis in children can be caused by the herpes virus, chickenpox, adenovirus, influenza or parainfluenza. Transfer methods:

• general toys;
• household items;
• dishes and cutlery;
• hygiene items;
• towels

It can also appear with a weakened immune system or while taking antibiotics.

Whether stomatitis is contagious can only be determined by a doctor upon examination of the oral cavity. You cannot self-medicate and wait until the inflammation goes away on its own.

Diagnostics

If inflammatory elements appear in the oral cavity, you should consult a doctor. Even if the lesions are minor and accompanied by mild discomfort, it is important to find out their cause and choose the right treatment tactics. Otherwise, the disease may drag on or cause complications. In addition, it can be contagious and therefore dangerous to others.

“Not every stomatitis is contagious,” says dentist Igor Repin. “For example, if it is caused by injury or chemotherapy treatment, then there is no reason to be afraid of infecting someone with it. The disease can be contagious if caused by a bacterial or viral infection. But it is important to note that determining what kind of stomatitis has developed is often a big problem even for doctors.”

Diagnostic tactics usually include:

• examination of the patient's oral cavity;
• accompanying skin examination;
• study of anamnesis.

When studying the anamnesis, the doctor clarifies whether the disease has arisen for the first time or whether it recurs regularly - recurs. Does the patient have any concomitant diseases, including sexually transmitted infections, diseases of the digestive tract or an immunodeficiency state? Have you recently used chemotherapy or other drugs that could cause damage to the oral mucosa?

Based on the data obtained, the specialist selects a technique for effective treatment of stomatitis in adults using drugs for local or systemic action.

How to get rid of stomatitis?

Stomatitis is perhaps the most common and unpleasant disease of the oral cavity. When an infection enters the body, ulcers form in the mouth. They cause discomfort and can subsequently lead to serious complications. How to treat stomatitis ?
Treatment of any infectious diseases first of all involves going to the doctor. Antibacterial therapy should be carried out under medical supervision. Bacterial disease most often goes away in 1-2 weeks. If the stage is not advanced, it can be treated independently. How to treat stomatitis at home :

• Rinse your mouth with soda solution. Add 1 spoon of soda to a glass of warm water. You can also use boric acid (1 teaspoon per 150 ml of water) or hydrogen peroxide (1 teaspoon per half a glass of water).
• Chamomile decoction. Heals wounds quickly.
• Sea buckthorn oil has an antibacterial effect. You can use antiseptics: chlorhexidine or miramistin.
• Anesthetic dental gels will help relieve severe pain. They should contain lidocaine.

Soda solution can also be used to treat stomatitis in infants .
Wipe the mouth and tongue with moistened gauze. If signs of stomatitis (bacterial) do not disappear, you should consult a doctor.

In case of aphthous form of the disease, you should urgently go to the clinic. How to determine:

• multiple large and deep ulcers;
• grayish coating in the center;
• red rim around the wound.

This type of stomatitis should not be treated at home. It is forbidden to cauterize ulcers with alcohol, iodine, or brilliant green. An advanced disease can lead to suppuration and tissue death.

How to get rid of stomatitis in children?

Basic methods of local therapy:

1. Treating the oral cavity with baking soda. For preparation you will need 1 tablespoon per glass of boiled water. Apply 3-6 times a day.
2. Rinse with Blue solution. Or 2% boric acid.
3. Use of antifungal agents. This includes medicated creams and ointments. For example, Clotrimazole, Pimafucin, Nystatin, Candide.

Symptoms of stomatitis in children and treatment can be determined by a doctor. Treatment is carried out in accordance with the doctor's prescriptions. If the dosage is not followed correctly or the course is interrupted, side effects may occur.

You should not self-medicate, as this can harm the baby.
Only a pediatric dentist will prescribe the correct therapy. He can also advise treating stomatitis in children at home .

Types of stomatitis

Depending on the depth of tissue damage and the cause of inflammation, experts distinguish the following types of stomatitis:

• catarrhal;
• aphthous;
• candida;
• ulcerative;
• herpetic;
• traumatic;
• allergic.

The catarrhal form of stomatitis is the mildest and rarely causes complications. But treatment is still required, mainly local. The most severe course is ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis, which often causes bacterial complications.

The candida type occurs more often in young children.

Each type of disease has its own characteristics, causes of development and symptoms. It is difficult to determine the shape yourself.

Sometimes even specialists do not have enough clinical picture to make an accurate diagnosis. Additional laboratory tests are often required to determine why stomatitis occurs in the mouth and whether it is associated with other diseases.

Types and forms of stomatitis

What types of stomatitis are there? Depending on what is taken as the basis for the classification, various forms and varieties of this disease can be distinguished. For example, according to the degree of damage to the mucous membrane, a distinction is made between catarrhal (superficial) stomatitis and ulcerative stomatitis.

According to the causes of occurrence, traumatic stomatitis, bacterial, candida, viral, prosthetic, drug, allergic and radiation are distinguished. The nature of the course of the disease and the presence of relapses make it possible to determine such forms of stomatitis as acute and chronic stomatitis.

To accurately determine the type of stomatitis in a particular case, it is necessary not only to carefully examine the oral cavity, but also to conduct tests for the presence of certain pathogens, and also take into account the presence of allergic reactions in the patient, chronic diseases (such as diabetes or gastritis) , pathologies of the immune system.

Chronic

Chronic stomatitis usually occurs as a continuation of advanced acute stomatitis and is characterized by a long course with periodic remissions and exacerbations. By origin, this is most often viral (herpetic) stomatitis. After treatment, the virus remains in the body and when the immune system is weakened again (due to stress, illness or other reason), it is activated and leads to relapse of stomatitis.

Chronic recurrent stomatitis can be not only viral in nature, but also bacterial, allergic, and candidiasis. The causative agents of many diseases are constantly present in the body, or easily enter it from the external environment. And if stomatitis was caused by an allergy to some substance or exposure, then it is very likely that with each contact with this allergen the stomatitis will return again.

Treatment of chronic stomatitis always includes the use of specific therapy aimed at suppressing the pathogen: antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal. It is also necessary to eliminate foci of infection (for example, carious cavities) and complete sanitation of the oral cavity with professional hygiene.

Bacterial

Bacterial stomatitis is caused by pathogenic microorganisms (for example, streptococci or staphylococci) that enter the oral cavity or are already in it (for example, in carious cavities, in the thickness of tartar) and infect the mucous membrane. This is facilitated by injury to the mucous membrane with sharp edges of teeth, rubbing dentures, or other objects.

Treatment of bacterial stomatitis involves the use of antiseptic and antibacterial agents. If the cause of stomatitis is a denture, then it should be cleaned with special means (for example, in an ultrasonic bath), or replaced with a more comfortable one.

Angular

Angular stomatitis is associated with the appearance of cracks in the corners of the mouth (“jams”). The main causes of this disease are lack of vitamins and bacterial (or fungal) infection. This type of stomatitis is characterized by damage to the outer surface of the lips.

Treatment for angular stomatitis depends on the type of infection. For fungal infections, fungicidal ointments and preparations are used. The streptococcal variety requires the use of antibacterial agents. Treatment is complemented by taking vitamins, eliminating their deficiency and raising the level of immune defense.

Viral

Viral stomatitis is caused by infection of the body with a virus. Most often (in about 80% of cases) this is the herpes virus. But besides it, stomatitis can be caused by almost any virus - chickenpox, measles, influenza, adenoviruses or rotaviruses. Typically, the onset of the disease is typical for a viral infection of this type - it may be fever, chills, runny nose, cough, or swollen lymph nodes. But after 1-3 days, characteristic symptoms of viral stomatitis appear: blisters form in the mouth, which later turn into ulcers, swelling of the gums, bleeding, and putrid breath may occur.

Viral stomatitis can be considered a complication of the underlying viral infection. Its causes (in addition to the virus itself) are reduced immunity and poor oral hygiene - the presence of untreated caries, periodontal disease, gingivitis.

Treatment of viral stomatitis involves first of all treating the underlying disease. In addition, the affected areas of the mucosa can be treated with local antiseptic drugs, anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents. Often in such cases, antiviral ointments or gels are prescribed, and vitamins, immunomodulators, and adaptogens are prescribed to maintain and strengthen the immune system.

Allergic

Allergic stomatitis is caused by exposure to allergens. In addition to the typical allergens that are well known to us, such as animal fur, pollen, foods such as honey, citrus fruits, etc., allergies can be caused by some medications, dental products and orthodontic structures (for example, acrylic dentures).

It often happens that an incorrectly manufactured prosthesis (for example, with a violation of the proportions of the material components) causes an allergic reaction and, as a result, stomatitis. When replacing the prosthesis with a correctly made one (without excess monomer in the composition), the allergy disappears. Symptoms of allergic stomatitis are redness of the mucous membrane (and with prosthetic stomatitis, this can be not only the areas under the prosthesis, but all parts of the tongue, cheeks, etc., in contact with the prosthesis), swelling, itching, and subsequently small blisters appear, often turning into sores.

When treating allergic stomatitis, it is important first of all to determine the cause of the allergy and remove contact with the allergen (eliminate foods that cause allergies, or replace the denture if this is the cause), and take antihistamines. The rest of the treatment involves the use of local antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.

Herpetic

Herpetic stomatitis is one of the contagious forms of stomatitis. Moreover, contagiousness persists even for 2 weeks after recovery. In most cases, the herpes virus never completely leaves the infected body. It is in a dormant, inactive form, but can be activated when immunity decreases - due to stress, lack of vitamins, due to a severe respiratory disease. Therefore, herpetic (cold sore) stomatitis is often chronic.

An adult very often does not have a strong reaction to the effects of herpes and damage to the mucous membrane. In children, acute herpetic stomatitis can be accompanied by an increase in temperature, general intoxication; when the bubbles merge, burst and form erosion, the child may feel severe pain, which interferes with eating, drinking, and talking. Most often, rashes appear on the palate, tongue, and inner surface of the cheeks. But often they also affect the lips and gums. The danger of this type of stomatitis is that it can turn into gingivitis, so it must be treated.

Treatment of herpetic stomatitis always involves suppressing the herpes virus. Antiseptics (chlorhexidine) and even many antiviral drugs do not affect the herpes virus. Moreover, antibiotics have no effect on him. Special medications have been developed against herpes - acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir. They should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor, in case of severe herpetic stomatitis.

Among the local antiseptics, you can use Miramistin (effective against both types of herpes viruses) and Hexoral (active only against HSV-1). Anti-inflammatory drugs (cholisal) and wound-healing agents (solcoseryl, actovegin, sea buckthorn and rosehip oil, vitamins A and E) perform well.

Candida

Candidal stomatitis often occurs in children under 3 years of age and is therefore often called childhood thrush. This disease is caused by the fungus Candida. It is distinguished by a characteristic white cheesy coating, which is practically impossible to remove mechanically. When trying to remove it, the patient experiences pain, and under the plaque a bleeding, swollen surface of the mucous membrane is found. At the onset of the disease, a person may feel dry mouth, a burning sensation, and white dots appear that merge to form a continuous plaque.

The decision on how to treat candidal stomatitis should be made by a doctor, especially when it comes to a child. For adults, antifungals and topical medications (such as candida) are almost always prescribed. Treatment of candidal stomatitis in children is often limited to the use of vitamins and immune-strengthening agents. To eliminate symptoms, use alkaline rinses and lubricate the mouth with iodine. Antifungal drugs are used only in cases of severe candidomycosis stomatitis.

Ulcerative

Ulcerative stomatitis is a more severe form of the disease than catarrhal stomatitis. Its peculiarity is that the lesion covers the entire thickness of the mucosa, in contrast to the catarrhal form, where it affects only the superficial layers. Deep damage to the oral mucosa causes great suffering to the patient, and after the ulcers heal, scars often remain. Treatment for ulcerative stomatitis depends on the cause of the disease. If an infection is present, antibacterial, antiviral or antifungal therapy is carried out, as well as a course of restoratives and vitamins. Treatment is carried out with means for topical use - antiseptic drugs (furacilin, chlorhexidine, miramistin), herbal decoctions, healing agents. If the cause is traumatic damage to the mucosa, dental procedures are indicated: removal of decayed teeth, treatment of caries, professional oral hygiene.

Vesicular

Vesicular stomatitis is most often enteroviral. It is usually transmitted from animals (or from people who are carriers of the virus) - by airborne droplets, contact and fecal-oral routes. Children most often suffer from it. One of the characteristic symptoms of this disease is a rash on the palms and soles (sometimes also on the face around the mouth, on the buttocks and genitals) - this is vesicular stomatitis with exanthema.

Watery rashes are quite painful and cause itching, which causes severe discomfort to the child, often leads to refusal to eat, and disrupts sleep. With proper timely treatment, the disease goes away without a trace, leaving lasting lifelong immunity. Unfortunately, there are several types of Coxsackie virus, so a person who has had vesicular stomatitis can become infected again with a different type of virus.

Treatment is mainly symptomatic and includes isolating the patient (to avoid infecting other people), taking painkillers, treating rashes with local antiseptics, using applications and rinses, taking vitamin complexes, and in some cases, antiviral and antihistamine drugs.

Aphthous

Aphthous stomatitis is characterized by the formation of aphthous stomatitis on the oral mucosa - one (less often two or three) round ulcers up to 1 cm in size, surrounded by a bright red border and covered with a gray-yellow coating. Touching them is very painful. Itching or burning is often felt before ulcerations appear. Other symptoms rarely appear - slight fever, weakness.

The cause of aphthous stomatitis is reduced immunity, the presence of foci of infection (chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, etc.), gastrointestinal diseases, allergic reactions (including to sodium lauryl sulfate contained in some toothpastes), trauma to the mucous membrane (biting), increased concentration of nitrates in food or drink.

If the situation of decreased immunity, exposure to infections or allergens is repeated, the disease may recur, taking on the character of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. With a mild course of the disease, there are no more than 2-3 relapses per year. More frequent attacks indicate a severe form of the disease.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis involves eliminating contact with allergens, incl. Avoid toothpaste with sodium lauryl sulfate and avoid allergenic and acidic foods. Antihistamines are also often prescribed.

When deciding how to treat aphthous stomatitis, the doctor must conduct a thorough diagnosis and establish the cause of the disease. In accordance with this, a selection of antiseptic drugs (for example, miramistin or chlorhexidine), anti-inflammatory gels (for example, cholisal) and wound healing agents (solcoseryl) is made.

The severe course of chronic aphthous stomatitis often involves the use of more serious medications and methods: laser treatment, immunomodulators, glucocorticoids, but such drugs should be prescribed exclusively by the attending physician.

Causes of stomatitis

Many factors contribute to the development of stomatitis. One of the common causes of the disease is the action of an irritant . The mucous membrane can be affected by constant mechanical trauma (biting the cheeks and tongue, trauma from tartar, incorrectly made prosthesis or crown) [5]. Injury can be caused by exposure to a thermal or chemical agent, for example, when a mucous membrane is burned by hot food or when an allergy occurs to certain foods (for example, citrus fruits) or medications. The risk group includes smokers, since nicotine also acts as an irritant to the mucous membranes.

Oral hygiene plays a major role in the development of stomatitis. With improper oral care, plaque and tartar accumulate; the microorganisms present in them (staphylococci, streptococci) can cause irritation and inflammation of the oral mucosa. As a result, stomatitis occurs as a protective reaction of the body.

Sometimes inflammation of the mucous membrane occurs in various chronic diseases and pathologies with an unclear etiology (cause). Stomatitis can manifest itself in the oral cavity against the background of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (with helminthic infection), cardiovascular system, blood diseases (anemia), endocrine disorders (diabetes mellitus). Very often, stomatitis develops during HIV infections and can be one of the diagnostic signs when identifying HIV.

Reason/Example

If you notice similar symptoms, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate - it is dangerous for your health!

Causes of acute stomatitis

Acute stomatitis occurs most often after damage to the mucous membrane or against the background of a viral disease. Injuries create favorable conditions for the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, including the herpes virus. Stomatitis in adults usually has a herpetic form.

Relapses of the inflammatory process usually occur in the cold season, when acute respiratory viral infections, in particular influenza, progress. This coincidence is not accidental. Viral diseases contribute to the appearance of stomatitis in adults and children.

Causes of chronic stomatitis

Chronic stomatitis in the oral cavity regularly worsens. In the summer, a temporary remission is observed. Chronic inflammation is caused by concomitant pathologies of the endocrine system, digestive tract, and diseases of an autoimmune nature. Dental diseases, including caries, periodontal disease, and gingivitis, also contribute to the protracted course of the inflammatory process.

Treatment of stomatitis with folk remedies

Treatment of diseases, especially in the early stages, is possible at home. How is stomatitis in the mouth treated in adults ? Anti-inflammatory and healing folk remedies:

• chamomile with honey;
• burdock root and chicory herb;
• grated raw potatoes (keep in mouth for 5-7 minutes);
• yarrow decoction;
• crushed burdock seeds;
• garlic mixed with curdled milk (or sour cream).

If your body lacks vitamins, you can prepare a vitamin salad.
Burdock leaves, horseradish roots, green onions, sour cream and salt are added to it. Effective treatment of stomatitis at home is possible. The patient must also:

• perform daily oral hygiene;
• follow a diet;
• limit alcohol consumption;
• give up sweets, chips, crackers.

There is a high probability of this disease appearing again. But if you carry out the right treatment, this will not happen.

How to treat stomatitis in children?

Parents who discover ulcers in their child’s mouth are required to contact a pediatric dentist. The following will help prevent the spread of infection:

• limiting contact with other children;
• allocation of separate dishes;
• own personal hygiene items.

The course of therapy consists of taking medications:

• painkillers;
• antiseptic;
• antiviral;
• healing.

How to treat stomatitis in children ? Allowed to process places:

1. Oxolinic ointment. Apply 2-3 times daily.
2. Acyclovir. The interval between applications is 8 hours.
3. Tebrofen gel. No more than 4 times a day.

Pain-relieving ointments can be used. For example, Lidochlor and Kamistad (allowed for 3 months).

Ointments and gels

1. Acyclovir An antiviral drug that has a highly selective effect on herpes viruses. In case of herpes, it prevents the formation of new rash elements, reduces the likelihood of complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, and reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster. The ointment is applied to the affected areas of the skin 4-6 times a day (as early as possible after the onset of infection). Cost: up to 220 rub.
2. Metrogyl denta

A combined antimicrobial drug, the effectiveness of which is due to the presence of two antibacterial components in its composition.
For aphthous stomatitis, the gel is applied to the affected area of ​​the oral mucosa 2 times a day for 7-10 days. The drug is contraindicated in people under 18 years of age. Cost: up to 300 rub.
3. Oxolinic ointment Demonstrates antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses, herpes zoster, and influenza viruses (mainly type A2). For external use. Non-toxic, non-irritating if the required amount and concentration have been applied and the skin at the application site has not been damaged. Cost: up to 100 rub.

4. Vinilin is a drug that has an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, enveloping effect, promotes the cleansing and healing of wounds and ulcers. The antimicrobial effect of the drug inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms. Envelops and regenerates. Vinilin acts as a local anesthetic. Vinylin is usually prescribed by dentists for the treatment of stomatitis, because it has not only antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal effects, but also healing. A protective film is formed, which protects the wound from irritation upon contact with products, thereby reducing pain. Vinilin does an excellent job of treating stomatitis, but it should be used as prescribed by a dentist. Suitable for any type of stomatitis. Cost: up to 200 rub.

1. Anaferon Lozenges. Immunomodulatory agent. When used prophylactically and therapeutically, it has an antiviral effect. It is used for complex treatment of infections caused by herpes viruses, as well as acute and chronic viral infections. Allergic reactions and increased individual sensitivity to the components of the drug are possible. Contraindications include individual sensitivity to the components of the drug. It is not recommended for use by people with congenital lactose deficiency syndrome. Cost: up to 240 rub.

2. Immunal The drug is in the form of drops for oral administration. Used in cases of decreased immunity, stimulates the immune system in uncomplicated acute infectious diseases. Contraindicated during breastfeeding without prior consultation with a doctor. Cost: up to 340 rub.

3. Givalex Antibacterial and antifungal agent. It has a bacteriostatic and weak bactericidal effect. The drug is in the form of a spray and solution in bottles. It is used as a means for the local treatment of infectious and inflammatory lesions of the oral cavity and pharynx, which are caused by microflora that are sensitive to the action of the drug. It is used to prevent the development of infectious and inflammatory lesions after dental surgery. During pregnancy, use according to strict medical indications. If breastfeeding, use of Givalex should be discontinued. Cost: up to 150 rub.

4. Clotrimazole

Clotrimazole is an antifungal medicine.
Has a wide range of antifungal effects. The active ingredient of the drug is an imidazole antimycotic agent. . This medicine is effective against dermatophytes and yeast fungi. In addition, the drug has an antimicrobial effect. Clotrimazole should not be used if you are hypersensitive (allergic) to clotrimazole, its auxiliary ingredients, or in the first trimester of pregnancy. Cost: up to 360 rub.
5. Ketotifen Ketotifen is produced in tablets and syrup. The main ingredient of the product is ketotifena fumarate. The drug is intended for long-term use. The maximum effect can be achieved only after several weeks of treatment. The average course of therapy can last from 2 to 3 months. Discontinuation of the drug is carried out gradually - from 2 to 4 weeks. Ketotifen is not prescribed to those whose profession involves driving vehicles or potentially dangerous machinery. Cost: up to 100 rub.

6. Tavegil Tavegil in solution for injection is used in the prevention and treatment of pseudoallergic and allergic reactions. Tavegil is not prescribed to patients undergoing treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In addition, the drug is not prescribed to patients with damage to the lower respiratory system. Cost: up to 200 rub.

Drugs that accelerate the healing of the mucous membrane

1. Vitamin A Has a general strengthening effect, normalizes tissue metabolism, and participates in redox processes. Increases the body's resistance to infection. The drug is taken orally early in the morning or late in the evening, 10-15 minutes after meals, 1 capsule 1 time per day. Long-term daily use can cause intoxication, hypervitaminosis A (headache, nausea, vomiting). Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Cost: up to 100 rub.
2. Sea buckthorn oil Oil preparations always act more gently than aqueous or alcoholic medicinal solutions. This oil can be used if there is no allergy to natural oils. Treatment is carried out by lubricating the areas of erosion a maximum of three times a day. A cotton swab or disk should be dipped in oil and then applied to the mucous membrane. Cost: up to 150 rub.

Anti-inflammatory drugs, antiseptics

Anesthetic (painkiller) drugs dull pain in the mouth for a short time. 1. Hexoral Antiseptic for topical use in ENT practice and dentistry. The drug has a wide spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal effects, in particular against gram-positive bacteria and fungi of the genus Candida. It is prescribed as a symptomatic remedy. The drug is sprayed into the mouth or pharynx, and the affected areas are treated while holding your breath. One injection for 1-2 seconds 2 times a day. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor. Cost: up to 310 rub.
2. Lidocaine Asept Available in aerosol form. The drug can be used for local anesthesia in dentistry. Apply topically, externally. The dosage varies depending on the doctor's indications. You can also apply it using a cotton swab soaked in it. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to lidocaine. Cost: up to 280 rub.

3. Decathylene Has antibacterial and antifungal effects. Affects microorganisms that cause mixed infections of the mouth and throat. Decathylene does not contain sugar, so it is suitable for people with diabetes. Recommended for aphthous stomatitis. Contraindications – hypersensitivity to any of the substances that are part of the drug. Cost: up to 1300 rub.

Prevention

Prevention helps avoid relapses of stomatitis. First of all, it is worth protecting the mucous membrane from the action of aggressive factors: poor-quality hygiene products, cold or, conversely, scalding food, traumatic dentures and uneven edges of teeth, cigarette smoke, and alcoholic beverages.
Strengthening local immunity plays an important role in preventive measures. The oral mucosa is a protective barrier. If the normal microflora is disrupted, the number of potentially dangerous infectious pathogens increases, they actively multiply and cause a response - an inflammatory process.

To strengthen the immune system, you can use natural factors (hardening with water, sun, air) or natural and artificial immunostimulants.

It is recommended to consume honey in courses, which has antimicrobial activity and functions as a biostimulator. Among medications to strengthen local immunity, it is useful to chew Echinacea tablets and use the drug Imudon.

The presence of bad habits, especially frequent smoking, disrupts the local microflora, irritates the mucous membrane and causes inflammation. Try to gradually reduce the number of cigarettes to give up them painlessly.

Several times a year it is necessary to take courses of multivitamin preparations. Prophylactic treatment usually takes 1-2 months. Pay attention to the quality of your diet. Your daily diet must include vegetables and fruits. Avoid foods that irritate or damage the mucous membrane. Be sure to promptly treat tooth decay and remove tartar at the dentist's office. Carefully choose a specialist who selects the prosthesis and installs it. During the period of adaptation to prosthetics, use the dental gel Cholisal with antimicrobial activity or Metrogyl denta.

Sources:

• https://ProBolezny.ru/stomatit/
• https://stom-info.ru/stomatit/
• https://stomatita.ru/
• https://atvmedia.ru/materials/stomatit-vo-rtu-u-vzroslyh

Types of stomatitis

There are several types of stomatitis, the symptoms and treatment of which depend on the characteristics of the disease. The most popular in our country are the following three varieties:

1. Catarrhal stomatitis

   - the mildest form of the disease. Symptoms are limited to dry mouth and increased sensitivity of surfaces. If this form is not treated in time, it can lead to the formation of small ulcers on the gums, palate, and tongue. Wearers of dentures and orthodontic appliances are most susceptible to this type of stomatitis. The reason for the appearance is the poor quality work of the dentist, who did not make the prosthesis well enough, used unsuitable materials, or simply poorly adjusted the device to the jaw. Also susceptible to catarrhal stomatitis are smokers with plaque and who do not care for their oral cavity conscientiously or regularly.

2. Aphthous stomatitis

   . A chronic form of stomatitis, which manifests itself as a rash on the internal oral surfaces, weakness, and high fever. The rash is a collection of large numbers of small ulcers that are very painful and slow to heal. The healing period may take more than two weeks. A common symptom of this type of stomatitis is gastrointestinal upset. The cause of the disease is weakened immunity, vitamin deficiency. Let us remember that this is a chronic form that will return even with slight hypothermia.

3. Herpetic stomatitis

   . From the name it is clear that this form of the disease is associated with herpes and 90% of people with stomatitis suffer from this type. The activator is the herpes virus. Some people may get sick once, but in a dormant state the virus will remain in them forever and will not manifest itself. But most often this virus makes itself felt at the slightest weakening of the immune system. Well, stomatitis joins it if oral hygiene is not observed or performed irregularly, the mucous membrane has been injured, or there has been contact with an infected person. It manifests itself in the formation of blisters, which burst and become extremely painful ulcers, high temperature (up to fever).

Stomatitis is often accompanied by fever and painful swallowing. Remember that if you have had stomatitis once, it is very likely that you will have it again. Therefore, your first aid kit should always have medications and folk remedies for this disease.

Treatment of stomatitis in adults with folk remedies

According to the doctor, the disease can be dealt with at home, including using folk remedies. But this does not eliminate the need to visit a doctor to clarify the diagnosis and choose therapy.

“In order to understand exactly how to treat, you need a diagnosis,” continues Igor Repin. — It is impossible to diagnose the disease yourself. Observing stomatitis, a person can only conclude that there are areas of inflammation in the oral cavity, without detailing the reasons for its occurrence or the severity of its manifestation. Therefore, home treatment can be carried out only after the final diagnosis has been established by a doctor.”

On the recommendation of a doctor, folk remedies can also be used to treat stomatitis in adults at home.

• Oak bark. An infusion of oak bark has a drying, astringent and anti-inflammatory effect. They are due to natural antiseptics and tannins in the composition of the natural product. To prepare the infusion, the dry bark is poured with boiling water and kept in a water bath for 30 minutes. Then filter and bring to the original volume with cold water. Rinse the mouth with warm infusion. You can store it in the refrigerator for up to two days.
• Sage. A traditional remedy for the treatment of oral diseases with a pronounced antiseptic effect. Fights inflammation and infections of mucous membranes. For rinsing, an infusion is used: dry loose raw materials or sage in express packages are poured with boiling water, infused for an hour, filtered and brought to the original volume. Rinse your mouth two to three times a day.
• Eucalyptus . An infusion of eucalyptus leaves is used for oral baths. They contain the biologically active substance eucalptol, which has pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It suppresses pathogenic microflora in the oral cavity, promotes salivation and accelerates wound healing. It is found in pharmacy chains in the form of an alcohol tincture, which is diluted in warm boiled water at the rate of 10-12 drops per 200 ml.
• Chamomile . The medicinal plant contains tannins, organic acids and flavonoids. It has a wound-healing and antiseptic effect, so it can be used in the treatment of stomatitis. An infusion is used: raw materials in filter bags or loose are poured with boiling water and left to brew for one hour. After this, filter and use for oral baths three to four times a day.
• St. John's wort . Contains several biologically active substances. Myrcene has antimicrobial activity, geraniol effectively suppresses coccal flora, and azulene stimulates tissue regeneration. The complex effect of St. John's wort accelerates the healing of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, reduces pain and discomfort. Used as an infusion: the raw material is poured with hot water and left for two hours. After this, filter and rinse your mouth.

When using medicinal plants, allergic reactions are possible. Therefore, the question of how to rinse your mouth with stomatitis in adults should be discussed with your doctor.

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