Comparative characteristics of the use of local anesthetics in dentistry

Available painkillers: esters and amides

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Types of drugs for topical anesthesia

Application anesthesia is used by doctors at the Imperial Clinic for complete patient comfort in the form of ointments, solutions and aerosols. Using this product makes the penetration of the needle completely imperceptible.

Local anesthetics used in dentistry "Imperial"

Anesthesia of the desired area, when using topical anesthesia, occurs in one to two minutes, to a depth of 1-3 mm and lasts from 10 to 20 minutes.

Premedication - preparation for anesthesia

Premedication is the use of one or more medications immediately before surgery to facilitate anesthesia and reduce the risk of possible complications.

The most common premedication is sedation.

Sedatives used for premedication:

• Herbal preparations (tincture of motherwort, valerian, valocordin, corvalol, valoserdin, etc.)
• Benzodiazepine tranquilizers (phenazepam, diazepam, midazolam, etc.)
• Chemicals (eg trioxazine).

Indications for the use of sedative anesthesia for premedication

• Fear, horror, of dental treatment,
• impaired blood supply to the myocardium (coronary heart disease),
• high blood pressure (hypertension),
• attacks of suffocation due to bronchial spasms and swelling of the mucous membrane (bronchial asthma),
• endocrine diseases (eg diabetes mellitus),
• intoxication with thyroid hormones,
• Parkinson's disease,
• chronic neurological stereotypical seizures (epilepsy),
• finally, simply the desire of the patient himself.

Carrying out general anesthesia (general anesthesia) in dentistry

Anesthesia is one of the methods of pain relief, based on blocking the patient’s consciousness due to deep inhibition of sensitivity, synapses of the cerebral cortex, using various drugs.

In connection with new developments in anesthesiology, our dental clinic stopped using anesthesia with inhalation of a specialized gas and began to use a new licensed method called SEDATION (introduction of drugs into the body that put the patient into a short-term controlled drug sleep). The cost of the new sedative method of anesthesia for 20 minutes is 3,700 rubles.

Depending on how medications are introduced into the body, several types of sedation can be distinguished:

1. Inhalation sedation
2. Oral sedation
3. Intravenous sedation

In dentistry, intravenous superficial sedation is most often used. So, as with shallow sedation, all body functions continue their normal activities, and the person is as if in a dream.

Sedation is a modern approach to dental treatment while you sleep and at rest. Video

Basics of local anesthetic treatment

Preparations for conduction and infiltration anesthesia are produced exclusively in the form of solutions for injection; they are classified as prescription drugs. The administration of these drugs is carried out strictly by medical personnel in a clinical setting and under the mandatory supervision of a doctor.

From the moment of administration of the local anesthetic to the development of local anesthesia, it takes from several minutes to half an hour - it all depends on the specific drug. Therefore, you need to wait for the effect of the drug and not re-introduce it - this is dangerous due to the development of the toxic effect of the local anesthetic.

The duration of the effect of local anesthetics is different and depends on the chemical structure of the drug: esters of para-aminobenzoic acid are quickly destroyed by special esterase enzymes in human tissues, while substituted acetanilide amides are insensitive to the action of these enzymes, and therefore have a much longer local anesthetic effect.